Dr. Rajhmun Madansein is the Head and Chief Specialist in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the University of KwaZulu Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central and King DinuZulu Hospitals, South Africa. He was previously an associate in the Therapeutic Immunology Division, at Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.  He heads a Department that does probably the most interventions for Thoracic TB in South Africa. King DinuZulu Hospital is one of the largest TB hospitals in SA. One of his main research, clinical and teaching interests is surgery for TB including drug-resistant TB and understanding the pathophysiology of TB in the human lung. He also has a long-standing collaboration with the Africa Health Research Institute, one of the largest TB research laboratories on the African continent. He has published extensively on this topic in peer-reviewed journals.